What is the lower mantle characterized by?

The lower mantle is characterized by high temperature and pressure due to the immense weight of the Earth's crust and upper mantle above it. As depth increases within the Earth, the pressure escalates significantly, which in turn raises the temperature. This environment is crucial for the behavior of the materials in the lower mantle, where rock remains solid under these extreme conditions, despite the high temperatures. The rock in this region behaves in a ductile manner, allowing it to flow very slowly over geological timescales, but it does not exist in a liquid state. Understanding the physical state and conditions of the lower mantle is essential for studying mantle dynamics and the overall geology of the Earth.